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The Institute for Urban Design (IfUD) was a not-for-profit organization based in New York that promoted productive dialogue between architects, planners, policy-makers, developers, and academics within the city and around the world. Through a series of lectures, symposia, and publications, the Institute provided a forum for debate over critical issues in contemporary urban planning, development, and design. ==Early history== The nonprofit Institute for Urban Design was founded by Ann Ferebee in 1979, shortly before the convening of the first International Conference on Urban Design in Philadelphia, held October 17–20. At the conference, the Institute distributed the inaugural issue of its bi-monthly journal "Urban Design International." In July 1979, the Institute for Urban Design conducted its first Study Tour. Working in cooperation with academics and professionals in France, members of the Institute traveled to Paris to participate in design seminars and workshops.〔Urban Design International 1, no. 3 (1980): 3.〕 The Second International Conference on Urban Design coincided with the Great Cities of the World Conference as part of Boston's 350th Jubilee, and was held in Cambridge Massachusetts, September 24–27.〔Urban Design International 1, no. 5 (1980): 9.〕 In May 1980, the Institute conducted its second Study Tour, this time traveling to Helsinki, Finland.〔Urban Design International 2, no. 2 (1981): 13.〕 The Third International Conference on Urban Design was held October 28–31 in Galveston, Texas and focused on developing an urban design solution for the development of the island city.〔Urban Design International 2, no. 5 (1981): 5.〕 In June 1981, members of the Institute traveled to Berlin, Germany for the third Study Tour. Participants were hosted by the International Bauausstellung Berlin (IBA), a German agency responsible for organizing an international building exhibition in the capital scheduled for 1984.〔Urban Design International 2, no. 3 (1981): 4.〕 By the beginning of 1982, there were nearly 1400 members of the Institute.〔Urban Design International. 1982 Directory of Members. Port Chester: GFI, 1982.〕 The Fourth International Conference on Urban Design was held October 13–16, 1982 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.〔Urban Design International 3, no.2 (1982): 6.〕 A fourth Study Tour took place in August 1982. Institute members traveled to Jerusalem to visit the Harvard Graduate School of Design's Jerusalem Studio under the leadership of Moshe Safdie.〔Urban Design International. 1982 Directory of Members. Port Chester: GFI, 1982.〕 Publication of the "Urban Design International" continued until 1984, at which point it was replaced by the members-only newsletter "Institute Update." In more recent years, the Institute has begun to develop more public programming. In September 2011, the organization staged the first Urban Design Week festival in New York City. In October of that same year, the United States Department of State announced that the Institute had been selected to organize US participation in the 13th Venice Biennale of Architecture, which took place in late 2012.〔http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/institute-for-urban-design-to-organize-us-pavilion-for-venice-architecture-biennale.aspx〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Institute for Urban Design」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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